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Foot Emancipation Society
The Foot Emancipation Society (), or Anti-footbinding Society (; ''Jiè chánzú huì''), was a civil organization which opposed foot binding in late Qing dynasty China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Regulation of Marriage and the Anti-Footbinding Society )〕 It was impacted by the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898, and this organization advanced the feminist movement in China.
== Background ==
Foot binding was a custom practiced on young girls and women for approximately one thousand years in China, beginning in the 10th century. In Chinese society, bound feet were considered beautiful and erotic. The practice also limited women's mobility and was sometimes seen as a mark of status (the woman did not have to work) or a mark of male ownership (the woman's mobility was limited and she was intensely dependent on the males in her household).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Marie Vento: One Thousand Years of Chinese Footbinding: Its Origins, Popularity and Demise )〕
After the First Opium War, China signed the 1842 "Treaty of Nanking" with Britain, which forced the Qing government to open the five ports. More Christians came to China and began to oppose foot binding, because they thought it was discriminatory against females. In 1875, 60-70 Christian women in Xiamen attended a meeting presided by a missionary John McGovern formed the Natural Foot (''tianzu'', literally Heavenly Foot) Society, 〔(不缠足会 )〕 and it was championed by the Woman's Christian Temperance Movement founded in 1883 and advocated by missionaries including Timothy Richard, who thought that Christianity could promote equality between the sexes. The writings of Richard would influence Chinese reformers Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao who then challenged the practice of footbinding.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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